摘要： 从古至今，建筑都能体现每个时代与众不同的风格和特点，明清作为我国建筑史上的最后一个高峰，自然也是有着非同寻常的艺术审美的，也为我们留下了很多直接模仿、借鉴的建筑艺术。古时候修建住宅往往要讲究风水，会先请风水学家观察一番再决定是否在此地修建。所以明朝人在看过风水以后，会花费重金修缮房屋，以求生活顺遂。... Yashe
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从古至今，建筑都能体现每个时代与众不同的风格和特点，明清作为我国建筑史上的最后一个高峰，自然也是有着非同寻常的艺术审美的，也为我们留下了很多直接模仿、借鉴的建筑艺术。
From times to the , can the style and of each era. As the last peak in the of in China, the Ming and Qing also had an , and left us a lot of and art.
建筑一直都是人们生活中的重要组成部分，除了吃穿出行，最重要的就是在家居住的环境，建筑就承担着这样的职责。
have been an part of 's lives. In to food, and , the most thing is to live at home. bear such .
建筑从最早为了给人们遮风挡雨的藏身之地逐渐演变为了对艺术的追求。人们对建筑的要求也逐渐从安稳、牢固转变成了建筑能给自己带来怎样的观赏价值和艺术熏陶。
From the place to from wind and rain, into the of art. 's for have from and to what kind of value and can bring to .
建筑体现了时代的特点，也体现了不同人的不同审美风格。明朝的建筑就将使用价值与观赏价值融合在一起，体现出明朝人独特的审美风格，也能感受到他们在设计建筑时背后蕴含的思想文化。
The the of the times and the of . The of the Ming the use value with the value, the style of the of the Ming , as well as the and their .
不过建筑往往受到地理位置、气候条件以及当地习俗的影响而有所区别，呈现出了风格迥异的面貌。
, due to the of , and local , the are often , .
明朝的建筑也受到了政治制度、经济发展、思想文化的特点而有所不同，体现了明朝政治环境下建筑的时代性。
The of the Ming was also due to the of , , and , which the of in the of the Ming .
一、反映政治环境
1、等级制度森严
明朝的建筑并不是人们根据喜好随心所欲建成的，而是需要适应当时的社会背景以及政策规定来建成的。朱元璋在夺取政权建立明朝之后。
The of the Ming were not built to 's , but were built to adapt to the and at that time. After Zhu power and the Ming .
为了维护对庞大疆域的统治，对社会中的方方面面都做出了详细的规定，关于建筑也是制定了严格的制度。要求人们必须按照规定来建造房屋住宅，不得违反政策要求。
In order to the rule over the huge , have been made on all of , and have been on . It is that must build and in with and not .
不同身份不同阶级的人建造房屋的规格不同，从颜色、装饰、建筑材料的选择多方面进行区别。统治者此举是让百姓对身份有明确的上下级认知。
of and have for , which are from the of color, and . The ruler's is to let the have a clear of their .
2、风格变化
明朝初期刚刚建立了建筑等级制度，当时的建筑还呈现出简单朴素的特点。到了明朝中后期，由于当时社会风气逐渐奢靡，所以建筑的风格也渐渐失去了局限性，呈现出壮阔艳丽之感。
At the of the Ming , the was just , and the at that time also the of and . In the and late Ming , due to the , the style lost its and a and .
即使是寻常百姓，只要有足够的钱财也可以修建富丽堂皇的建筑。所以明朝中后期的建筑逐渐失去了划分百姓等级的作用，而是崇尚奢靡，建筑可以根据自己的喜好进行修缮。
Even can build as long as they have money. , the in the and late Ming lost the role of the rank of the . , they and could be to their own .
3、风水很重要
古时候修建住宅往往要讲究风水，会先请风水学家观察一番再决定是否在此地修建。明朝的建筑与风水密不可分，许多人认为选择一个风水好的地点居住不仅能让自己和家人幸福平安，还能隐蔽子孙，保佑后代子孙事业有成。
In times, paid to omen when . They would ask a to it to build here. The of the Ming is from omen.
除此之外，许多人认为风水与科举考试有关，风水的好坏甚至可以直接影响科举考试顺利与否。所以明朝人在看过风水以后，会花费重金修缮房屋，以求生活顺遂。
In , many that feng shui is to the . The of feng shui can even the of the . So in the Ming spent a lot of money to their after they saw Feng Shui, in order to make life .
二、凸显独特审美
1、家具多样
明朝人除了对建筑外部有讲究，建筑内部的装饰更是用尽了心思。明朝的手工业比较发达，商业得到发展，所以他们有种类繁多的家具、装饰可以挑选，甚至出现了许多西洋灯具。
In to to the of the , in the Ming their mind on the of the . The in the Ming was and the was , so they had a wide range of and to from, and even many lamps and .
除此之外建筑环境与风水文，明朝人还会饲养宠物增加生活情趣建筑环境与风水文，不仅用来打发时间排解心情，还可以让动物去博弈。无论是何种身份和地位的人，饲养动物都成了比较寻常的事情。
In , in the Ming also kept pets to the of life, not only to pass the time to their , but also to let play games. No what and of , has a thing.
2、传递时代气息
明朝社会建筑的风格大不相同，但是都体现了百姓对生活的热爱以及情趣，还蕴含了明代建筑的三个特点。
The of in the Ming are quite , but they all the 's love and in life, and also three of the in the Ming .
首先是艺术性，明朝的建筑沿袭了唐宋时期的审美，结合了全国各地的工艺，呈现出了不同的审美。
The first is . The of the Ming the of the Tang and Song , with the of all parts of the , and .
也表达了明朝不同人对待建筑的品味不同。人们对艺术的追求从未停歇，所以才会从明初的简朴无趣转变为后来的富丽堂皇多姿多彩，使得明朝的建筑成为了中国历史建筑的代表。
It also shows that in the Ming had in . 's of art has never , so it from the and in the early Ming to the and later, the of the Ming the of .
其次是伦理性，明朝社会具有强大的制约性，强调儒家思想的重要性，所以对建筑的色彩、房屋数量做出了明确规定。
, it is . The Ming has , the of , so it has made clear on the color of and the of .
而明朝初期百姓根据规定建造的房屋也体现出受到政治影响的建筑风格不同，伦理等级制度为建筑的风格做出区别。
The built by the to the in the early Ming also the by , and the made for .
再就是智慧性，明朝的建筑体现出百姓的自然观，风格设定、家具选择也彰显出文化底蕴，与哲学结合在一起，体现出百姓希望与社会、与自然和谐相处的愿望。建筑上雕刻的动物、花朵也展现出人们对自然的敬畏之心。
Then there is the . The of the Ming the 's view of . The style and also the . with , it the 's to live in with and . The and on the also show 's awe of .
明朝统治者十分重视伦理纲常，一开始制定严格的制度约束人们的行为，还要求建筑根据等级进行划分。到了中后期，明朝社会逐步发展，人们崇尚奢华的生活，之前关于建筑的规定逐渐受到摒弃。
The of the Ming great to . At the , they a to 's , and to be to their . In the and late Ming , with the of , life...
人们开始根据自己的喜好以及追求建造房屋，体现出明朝社会百姓思想观念的转变。建筑也反映了明朝社会的真实面貌，其中一砖一瓦都能体现出当时流行的艺术风格，以及人们所信仰的文化。
began to build to their own and , which the of 's ideas in the Ming . The also the real face of the Ming , in which each brick and tile can the style and the that in.
我们了解了建筑背后蕴藏的历史，就会对传统文化更加敬服，也能将我国优秀的传统文化发扬下去。
When we the , we will be more of and carry our .
